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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Makonde chess set ： ウィキペディア英語版 Makonde chess set Makonde chess sets are made by the Makonde tribe of south-west Tanzania and Mozambique who have for centuries been greatly skilled in wood carving and Makonde art is a distinctive style. Chess sets were originally made for export to Europe but the pattern of the pieces follows traditional Makonde designs rather than any established chess pattern. ==History== The European market for Makonde art developed from the 1930s through Portuguese colonization.〔Alexander Bortolot, "Artesaos da Nossa Patria: Makonde blackwood sculptors, cooperatives, and the art of socialist revolution in postcolonial mozambique", p. 253, in Sidney Littlefield Kasfir (ed), Till Förster (ed), ''African Art and Agency in the Workshop'', pp. 252-273, Indiana University Press, 2013 ISBN 0253007410.〕 Chess sets were first exported by Norman Kirk, a New Zealander who owned a lime and cashew nut plantation in Tanzania (then Tanganyika). Kirk had been impressed by the work of the Makonde artist Likenikeni Sabini after visiting his workshop at Ndanda mission in the 1950s. After this visit he began buying and exporting Makonde art to Europe. Kirk enticed Sabini to come and work for him at his plantation where Sabini trained other carvers for Kirk. At some point Kirk initiated production of chess sets and the product became popular in the 1960s. The pieces in the chess set were based on the ''chidiu'', a traditional bottle stopper. This took the form of a human head with Makonde facial scarification.〔Kingdon, pp. 73-74〕 After Kirk's death in 1969 a group of carvers who had formerly supplied Kirk continued to carve chess sets. This group was centred on the village of Ziwani near Mtwara. Several new themes were developed by this group including the ''seated smoker'' set, the ''drummer'' set, and the ''bird'' set. Scarification marks tend to be omitted on modern pieces.〔Kingdon, pp. 74-75〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Makonde chess set」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.